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Ritchie Boys
The Ritchie Boys were a US special military intelligence unit in World War II composed mainly of German-speaking immigrants to the United States. They were predominantly Jews, most of whom had fled Nazi persecution. They were primarily utilized for interrogation of prisoners on the front lines and counter-intelligence in Europe because of their knowledge of the German language and culture.
==About the group==
The Ritchie Boys consisted of approximately 9,000 young Germans and Austrians,〔Jeffreys, Keith: (Remembering the Ritchie Boys ). Retrieved 2007-02-12〕 who were mostly Jewish, and who had escaped from their countries of birth and immigrated to the US as refugees.〔Joshua Franklin: (''Victim Soldiers: German-Jewish Refugees in the American Armed Forces during World War II'' ) Honors thesis, Clark University.〕 Most had been drafted into or volunteered to join the United States Army. Some had originally arrived in the USA as children, many without their parents, so these were also among the One Thousand Children. (One such OTC was Ambassador Richard Schifter.)
They were trained at the Military Intelligence Training Center at Camp Ritchie in Maryland, now officially known as Fort Ritchie. They were specially trained in methods of intelligence, counterintelligence, interrogation, investigation and psychological warfare.〔(John Patrick Finnegan, ''Military Intelligence,'' Center of Military History United States Army Washington, D. C., 1998; p. 74. )〕 They were suitable for these tasks because they knew the German language, and importantly the German mentality and behaviour, better than most American-born soldiers.〔Kurt Frank Korf, quoted in Patricia Kollander, ''I Must be a Part of this War: A German American's Fight against Hitler and Nazism,'' Fordham University Press, 2005; ISBN 0-8232-2528-3; p. 109.〕 The role of these soldiers was therefore to work in the front lines (or even behind them), at strategic corps and army levels, at interrogation, analyzing German forces and plans; and also as members of the U.S. Counter Intelligence Corps;〔Sayer, Ian, and Douglas Botting. ''America's Secret Army: The Untold Story of the Counter Intelligence Corps.'' Grafton Books, 1989. ISBN 0-246-12690-6〕 and also to study and demoralize the enemy.
After the US declared war on Germany, the Ritchie Boys became an important weapon for the Allies. Many of them entered Europe on D-Day, June 6, 1944.〔Gilbert, James L., John P. Finnegan and Ann Bray. ''(In the Shadow of the Sphynx: A History of Army Counterintelligence )'', History Office, Office of Strategic Management and Information, US Army Intelligence and Security Command, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, Dec 2005; p. 33. ISBN 1234461366〕 Others followed over time. Shortly after reaching land, they left their units and pursued their special tasks. They were able to feed the Allies valuable information. Gen. Oscar Koch (Gen. Patton's G-2) acknowledged that the advance warning of the German Bulge offensive was made possible by information gathered by their MIS units. Moreover, the Ritchie Boys helped break German resistance by demoralizing them in both open and covert operations. They interrogated POWs and defectors to obtain information about German force levels, troop movements, and the physical and psychological state of the Germans. A common interrogation tactic was to use the Germans' fear of transfer into Soviet custody. By means of targeted disinformation via newspaper announcements, flyers, radio broadcasts, and sound trucks, the German population and military were encouraged to cease their resistance to the Allied invasion.
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